Bun v produkci: Co funguje, co ne a co mě překvapilo

# Check your Bun version
bun --version
 
# Run a TypeScript file directly — no tsconfig, no compilation step
bun run server.ts
 
# Install packages
bun install
 
# Run tests
bun test
 
# Bundle for production
bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist

# Measuring startup time — run each 100 times
hyperfine --warmup 5 'node -e "console.log(1)"' 'bun -e "console.log(1)"'
 
# Typical results:
# node:  ~40ms
# bun:   ~6ms

# Clean install benchmark — delete node_modules and lockfile first
rm -rf node_modules bun.lockb package-lock.json
 
# Time npm
time npm install
# Real: ~18.4s (typical medium-sized project)
 
# Time bun
time bun install
# Real: ~2.1s

# Quick and dirty benchmark with bombardier
# Testing a simple "Hello World" response
 
# Bun server
bombardier -c 100 -d 10s http://localhost:3000
# Requests/sec: ~105,000
 
# Node.js (native http module)
bombardier -c 100 -d 10s http://localhost:3001
# Requests/sec: ~48,000
 
# Node.js (Express)
bombardier -c 100 -d 10s http://localhost:3002
# Requests/sec: ~15,000

// fibonacci.ts — this is engine-bound, not runtime-bound
function fib(n: number): number {
  if (n <= 1) return n;
  return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
}
 
const start = performance.now();
console.log(fib(42));
console.log(`${(performance.now() - start).toFixed(0)}ms`);

bun run fibonacci.ts   # ~1650ms
node fibonacci.ts      # ~1580ms

# Install hyperfine for proper benchmarking
brew install hyperfine  # macOS
# or: cargo install hyperfine
 
# Benchmark startup + execution of your actual app
hyperfine --warmup 3 \
  'node dist/server.js' \
  'bun src/server.ts' \
  --prepare 'sleep 0.1'
 
# For HTTP servers, use bombardier or wrk
# Important: test with realistic payloads, not "Hello World"
bombardier -c 50 -d 30s -l http://localhost:3000/api/users
 
# Memory comparison
/usr/bin/time -v node server.js  # Linux
/usr/bin/time -l bun server.ts   # macOS

# Install all dependencies from package.json
bun install
 
# Add a dependency
bun add express
 
# Add a dev dependency
bun add -d vitest
 
# Remove a dependency
bun remove express
 
# Update a dependency
bun update express
 
# Install a specific version
bun add express@4.18.2

# You can dump the lockfile to human-readable format
bun bun.lockb > lockfile-dump.txt
 
# Or use the built-in text output
bun install --yarn
# This generates a yarn.lock alongside bun.lockb

{
  "name": "my-monorepo",
  "workspaces": ["packages/*", "apps/*"]
}

# Install dependencies for all workspaces
bun install
 
# Run a script in a specific workspace
bun run --filter packages/shared build
 
# Add a dependency to a specific workspace
bun add react --filter apps/web

# Step 1: Delete existing lockfile and node_modules
rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json yarn.lock pnpm-lock.yaml
 
# Step 2: Install with Bun
bun install
 
# Step 3: Verify your app still works
bun run dev
# or: node dist/server.js  (Bun package manager, Node runtime)

// These all work as expected in Bun
import fs from "node:fs";
import path from "node:path";
import crypto from "node:crypto";
import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
import { Readable, Writable } from "node:stream";
import http from "node:http";
import https from "node:https";
import { URL, URLSearchParams } from "node:url";
import os from "node:os";
import child_process from "node:child_process";

# Check if a package uses native addons
ls node_modules/your-package/binding.gyp  # If this exists, it's native

// This will NOT work in Bun — V8-specific
const v8 = require("v8");
v8.serialize({ data: "test" });
 
// This WILL work — use Bun's equivalent or a cross-runtime approach
const encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify({ data: "test" }));

# Run Bun's built-in compatibility check on your project
bun --bun node_modules/.bin/your-tool
 
# The --bun flag forces Bun's runtime even for node_modules scripts

# Quick compatibility check — run your full test suite under Bun
bun test  # If you use bun test runner
# or
bun run vitest  # If you use vitest

const server = Bun.serve({
  port: 3000,
  fetch(req) {
    const url = new URL(req.url);
 
    if (url.pathname === "/") {
      return new Response("Hello from Bun!", {
        headers: { "Content-Type": "text/plain" },
      });
    }
 
    if (url.pathname === "/api/users") {
      const users = [
        { id: 1, name: "Alice" },
        { id: 2, name: "Bob" },
      ];
      return Response.json(users);
    }
 
    return new Response("Not Found", { status: 404 });
  },
});
 
console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${server.port}`);

import { Database } from "bun:sqlite";
 
const db = new Database("app.db");
db.run(`
  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS todos (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    title TEXT NOT NULL,
    completed INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
    created_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
  )
`);
 
const server = Bun.serve({
  port: process.env.PORT || 3000,
 
  async fetch(req) {
    const url = new URL(req.url);
    const method = req.method;
 
    try {
      // GET /api/todos
      if (url.pathname === "/api/todos" && method === "GET") {
        const todos = db.query("SELECT * FROM todos ORDER BY created_at DESC").all();
        return Response.json(todos);
      }
 
      // POST /api/todos
      if (url.pathname === "/api/todos" && method === "POST") {
        const body = await req.json();
 
        if (!body.title || typeof body.title !== "string") {
          return Response.json({ error: "Title is required" }, { status: 400 });
        }
 
        const stmt = db.prepare("INSERT INTO todos (title) VALUES (?) RETURNING *");
        const todo = stmt.get(body.title);
        return Response.json(todo, { status: 201 });
      }
 
      // DELETE /api/todos/:id
      const deleteMatch = url.pathname.match(/^\/api\/todos\/(\d+)$/);
      if (deleteMatch && method === "DELETE") {
        const id = parseInt(deleteMatch[1], 10);
        db.run("DELETE FROM todos WHERE id = ?", [id]);
        return new Response(null, { status: 204 });
      }
 
      return Response.json({ error: "Not found" }, { status: 404 });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error("Request error:", error);
      return Response.json({ error: "Internal server error" }, { status: 500 });
    }
  },
});
 
console.log(`Server running on port ${server.port}`);

// Reading files
const file = Bun.file("./config.json");
const text = await file.text(); // Read as string
const json = await file.json(); // Parse as JSON directly
const bytes = await file.arrayBuffer(); // Read as ArrayBuffer
const stream = file.stream(); // Read as ReadableStream
 
// File metadata
console.log(file.size); // Size in bytes
console.log(file.type); // MIME type (e.g., "application/json")
 
// Writing files
await Bun.write("./output.txt", "Hello, World!");
await Bun.write("./data.json", JSON.stringify({ key: "value" }));
await Bun.write("./copy.png", Bun.file("./original.png"));
 
// Write a Response body to a file
const response = await fetch("https://example.com/data.json");
await Bun.write("./downloaded.json", response);

const server = Bun.serve({
  port: 3000,
 
  fetch(req, server) {
    const url = new URL(req.url);
 
    if (url.pathname === "/ws") {
      const upgraded = server.upgrade(req, {
        data: {
          userId: url.searchParams.get("userId"),
          joinedAt: Date.now(),
        },
      });
 
      if (!upgraded) {
        return new Response("WebSocket upgrade failed", { status: 400 });
      }
      return undefined;
    }
 
    return new Response("Use /ws for WebSocket connections");
  },
 
  websocket: {
    open(ws) {
      console.log(`Client connected: ${ws.data.userId}`);
      ws.subscribe("chat");
    },
 
    message(ws, message) {
      // Broadcast to all subscribers
      server.publish("chat", `${ws.data.userId}: ${message}`);
    },
 
    close(ws) {
      console.log(`Client disconnected: ${ws.data.userId}`);
      ws.unsubscribe("chat");
    },
  },
});

import { Database } from "bun:sqlite";
 
// Open or create a database
const db = new Database("myapp.db");
 
// WAL mode for better concurrent read performance
db.exec("PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL");
 
// Create tables
db.run(`
  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    email TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    created_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
  )
`);
 
// Prepared statements (reusable, faster for repeated queries)
const insertUser = db.prepare("INSERT INTO users (email, name) VALUES ($email, $name) RETURNING *");
 
const findByEmail = db.prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $email");
 
// Usage
const user = insertUser.get({
  $email: "alice@example.com",
  $name: "Alice",
});
console.log(user); // { id: 1, email: "alice@example.com", name: "Alice", ... }
 
// Transactions
const insertMany = db.transaction((users: { email: string; name: string }[]) => {
  for (const user of users) {
    insertUser.run({ $email: user.email, $name: user.name });
  }
  return users.length;
});
 
const count = insertMany([
  { email: "bob@example.com", name: "Bob" },
  { email: "carol@example.com", name: "Carol" },
]);
console.log(`Inserted ${count} users`);

// math.test.ts
import { describe, it, expect } from "bun:test";
 
describe("math utilities", () => {
  it("adds numbers correctly", () => {
    expect(1 + 2).toBe(3);
  });
 
  it("handles floating point", () => {
    expect(0.1 + 0.2).toBeCloseTo(0.3);
  });
});

# Run all tests
bun test
 
# Run specific file
bun test math.test.ts
 
# Run tests matching a pattern
bun test --test-name-pattern "adds numbers"
 
# Watch mode
bun test --watch
 
# Coverage
bun test --coverage

import { describe, it, expect, mock, spyOn } from "bun:test";
import { fetchUsers } from "./api";
 
// Mock a module
mock.module("./database", () => ({
  query: mock(() => [{ id: 1, name: "Alice" }]),
}));
 
describe("fetchUsers", () => {
  it("returns users from database", async () => {
    const users = await fetchUsers();
    expect(users).toHaveLength(1);
    expect(users[0].name).toBe("Alice");
  });
});
 
// Spy on an object method
describe("console", () => {
  it("tracks console.log calls", () => {
    const logSpy = spyOn(console, "log");
    console.log("test message");
    expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("test message");
    logSpy.mockRestore();
  });
});

# Bundle a single entry point
bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist
 
# Bundle for different targets
bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist --target browser
bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist --target bun
bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist --target node
 
# Minify
bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist --minify
 
# Generate sourcemaps
bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist --sourcemap external

const result = await Bun.build({
  entrypoints: ["./src/index.ts", "./src/worker.ts"],
  outdir: "./dist",
  target: "browser",
  minify: {
    whitespace: true,
    identifiers: true,
    syntax: true,
  },
  splitting: true, // Code splitting
  sourcemap: "external",
  external: ["react", "react-dom"], // Don't bundle these
  naming: "[dir]/[name]-[hash].[ext]",
  define: {
    "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("production"),
  },
});
 
if (!result.success) {
  console.error("Build failed:");
  for (const log of result.logs) {
    console.error(log);
  }
  process.exit(1);
}
 
for (const output of result.outputs) {
  console.log(`${output.path} — ${output.size} bytes`);
}

// utils.ts
export function used() {
  return "I'll be in the bundle";
}
 
export function unused() {
  return "I'll be tree-shaken away";
}
 
// index.ts
import { used } from "./utils";
console.log(used());

bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist --minify
# The `unused` function won't appear in the output

// build-info.ts — this file runs at BUILD TIME, not runtime
export function getBuildInfo() {
  return {
    builtAt: new Date().toISOString(),
    gitSha: require("child_process").execSync("git rev-parse --short HEAD").toString().trim(),
    nodeVersion: process.version,
  };
}

// app.ts
import { getBuildInfo } from "./build-info" with { type: "macro" };
 
// getBuildInfo() executes at bundle time
// The result is inlined as a static value
const info = getBuildInfo();
console.log(`Built at ${info.builtAt}, commit ${info.gitSha}`);

# Use Bun to install dependencies, then use Node.js to run Next.js
bun install
bun run dev    # This actually runs the "dev" script via Node.js by default
bun run build
bun run start

# Force Next.js to run under Bun's runtime
bun --bun run dev

# Build with Bun runtime
bun --bun run build
 
# Start production server with Bun runtime
bun --bun run start

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "next dev --turbopack",
    "build": "next build",
    "start": "next start"
  }
}

# Daily workflow
bun install      # Fast package installation
bun run dev      # Runs "next dev" via Node.js
bun run build    # Runs "next build" via Node.js

FROM oven/bun:1 AS base
WORKDIR /app
 
# Install dependencies
FROM base AS deps
COPY package.json bun.lockb ./
RUN bun install --frozen-lockfile --production
 
# Build (if needed)
FROM base AS build
COPY package.json bun.lockb ./
RUN bun install --frozen-lockfile
COPY . .
RUN bun run build
 
# Production
FROM base AS production
WORKDIR /app
 
# Don't run as root
RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 appgroup && \
    adduser --system --uid 1001 appuser
USER appuser
 
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=build /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=build /app/package.json ./
 
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["bun", "run", "dist/server.js"]

# Build stage: full Bun image with all dependencies
FROM oven/bun:1 AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json bun.lockb ./
RUN bun install --frozen-lockfile
COPY . .
RUN bun build ./src/index.ts --target bun --outdir ./dist --minify
 
# Runtime stage: smaller base image
FROM oven/bun:1-slim AS runtime
WORKDIR /app
 
RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 appgroup && \
    adduser --system --uid 1001 appuser
USER appuser
 
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
 
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["bun", "run", "dist/index.js"]

# Compile your app into a single executable
bun build --compile ./src/server.ts --outfile server
 
# The output is a standalone binary — no Bun or Node.js needed to run it
./server

# Ultra-minimal Docker image using compiled binary
FROM oven/bun:1 AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json bun.lockb ./
RUN bun install --frozen-lockfile
COPY . .
RUN bun build --compile ./src/server.ts --outfile server
 
# Final image — just the binary
FROM debian:bookworm-slim
WORKDIR /app
 
RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 appgroup && \
    adduser --system --uid 1001 appuser
USER appuser
 
COPY --from=builder /app/server ./server
 
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["./server"]

# Node.js image
docker images | grep node
# node:20-slim    ~180MB
 
# Bun image
docker images | grep bun
# oven/bun:1-slim  ~130MB
 
# Compiled binary on debian:bookworm-slim
# ~80MB base + ~70MB binary = ~150MB total
 
# vs. Alpine with Node.js
# node:20-alpine   ~130MB + node_modules

# Replace npm/yarn/pnpm with bun install
# Change your CI pipeline:
# Before:
npm ci
 
# After:
bun install --frozen-lockfile

# Use bun to run development scripts
bun run dev
bun run lint
bun run format
 
# Use bun for one-off scripts
bun run scripts/seed-database.ts
bun run scripts/migrate.ts

# Replace vitest/jest with bun test for simple test suites
bun test
 
# Keep vitest for complex test setups
# (Testing Library, MSW, custom environments)

// New microservices or APIs — start with Bun from day one
Bun.serve({
  port: 3000,
  fetch(req) {
    // Your new service here
  },
});

# Only after thorough testing:
# Replace node with bun for existing services
# Before:
node dist/server.js
 
# After:
bun dist/server.js

# .env
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://localhost:5432/myapp
API_KEY=sk-test-12345
PORT=3000

// These are available without any import
console.log(process.env.DATABASE_URL);
console.log(process.env.API_KEY);
console.log(Bun.env.PORT); // Bun-specific alternative

# Bun's debugger — works with VS Code
bun --inspect run server.ts
 
# Bun's inspect-brk — pause on first line
bun --inspect-brk run server.ts

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "type": "bun",
      "request": "launch",
      "name": "Debug Bun",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/src/server.ts",
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "stopOnEntry": false,
      "watchMode": false
    }
  ]
}

# Compare dependency counts
# A typical Express + SQLite + WebSocket project:
npm ls --all | wc -l
# ~340 packages
 
# The same functionality with Bun built-ins:
bun pm ls --all | wc -l
# ~12 packages (just your application code)

// Use Bun.serve() options for production tuning
Bun.serve({
  port: 3000,
 
  // Increase max request body size (default is 128MB)
  maxRequestBodySize: 1024 * 1024 * 50, // 50MB
 
  // Enable development mode for better error pages
  development: process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production",
 
  // Reuse port (useful for zero-downtime restarts)
  reusePort: true,
 
  fetch(req) {
    return new Response("OK");
  },
});

// Use Bun.Transpiler for runtime code transformation
const transpiler = new Bun.Transpiler({
  loader: "tsx",
  target: "browser",
});
 
const code = transpiler.transformSync(`
  const App: React.FC = () => <div>Hello</div>;
  export default App;
`);

# Bun's memory usage flags
bun --smol run server.ts  # Reduce memory footprint (slightly slower)
 
# Set max heap size
BUN_JSC_forceRAMSize=512000000 bun run server.ts  # ~512MB limit

// Node.js 18+ fetch and Bun's fetch are slightly different
// in how they handle certain headers and redirects
 
// Bun follows redirects by default (like browsers)
// Node.js fetch also follows redirects, but the behavior
// with certain status codes (303, 307, 308) can differ
 
const response = await fetch("https://api.example.com/data", {
  redirect: "manual", // Be explicit about redirect handling
});

// Bun exits when the event loop is empty
// Node.js sometimes keeps running due to lingering handles
 
// If your Bun script exits unexpectedly, something isn't
// keeping the event loop alive
 
// This will exit immediately in Bun:
setTimeout(() => {}, 0);
 
// This will keep running:
setTimeout(() => {}, 1000);
// (Bun exits after the timeout fires)

// Bun has its own tsconfig defaults
// If you're sharing a project between Bun and Node.js,
// be explicit in your tsconfig.json:
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ESNext",
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
    "types": ["bun-types"]  // Add Bun type definitions
  }
}

# Install Bun types
bun add -d @types/bun

# Bun has built-in watch mode
bun --watch run server.ts
 
# This restarts the process on file changes
# It's not HMR (Hot Module Replacement) — it's a full restart
# But because Bun starts so fast, it feels instant

# bunfig.toml — Bun's config file (optional)
 
[install]
# Use a private registry
registry = "https://npm.mycompany.com"
 
# Scoped registries
[install.scopes]
"@mycompany" = "https://npm.mycompany.com"
 
[test]
# Test configuration
coverage = true
coverageReporter = ["text", "lcov"]
 
[run]
# Shell to use for bun run
shell = "bash"