De VPS-Setup Die Echt Werkt: Node.js, PM2, Nginx en Zero-Downtime Deploys | Akousa

javascript

// ecosystem.config.js
module.exports = {
  apps: [
    {
      name: "myapp",
      script: "node_modules/.bin/next",
      args: "start -p 3002",
      cwd: "/var/www/example.com",
      instances: 2,
      exec_mode: "cluster",
      max_memory_restart: "500M",
      env: {
        NODE_ENV: "production",
        PORT: 3002,
      },
      // Sierlijke afsluiting
      kill_timeout: 5000,
      listen_timeout: 10000,
      wait_ready: false,
      // Logging
      log_date_format: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss Z",
      error_file: "/var/log/pm2/myapp-error.log",
      out_file: "/var/log/pm2/myapp-out.log",
      merge_logs: true,
      // Auto-herstart bij falen
      autorestart: true,
      max_restarts: 10,
      min_uptime: "10s",
      // Niet watchen in productie
      watch: false,
    },
  ],
};

nginx

# /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
 
upstream node_app {
    server 127.0.0.1:3002;
    keepalive 64;
}
 
server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
 
    # Alle HTTP omleiden naar HTTPS
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
 
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
 
    # SSL (beheerd door Certbot — deze regels worden automatisch toegevoegd)
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
 
    # Beveiligingsheaders
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
 
    # Gzip-compressie
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_types
        text/plain
        text/css
        text/javascript
        application/javascript
        application/json
        application/xml
        image/svg+xml
        application/wasm;
 
    # Proxy-instellingen
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://node_app;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
 
        # Headers
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
 
        # WebSocket-ondersteuning (voor het geval je het ooit nodig hebt)
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
 
        # Timeouts — ruim maar niet oneindig
        proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;
 
        # Buffering — laat Nginx trage clients afhandelen
        proxy_buffering on;
        proxy_buffer_size 16k;
        proxy_buffers 4 32k;
        proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
    }
 
    # Next.js statische assets — laat Nginx ze direct serveren
    location /_next/static/ {
        alias /var/www/example.com/.next/static/;
        expires 365d;
        access_log off;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
 
    # Publieke statische bestanden
    location /static/ {
        alias /var/www/example.com/public/static/;
        expires 30d;
        access_log off;
    }
 
    # Blokkeer toegang tot dotbestanden
    location ~ /\. {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }
}

bash

#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh — zero-ish downtime deployment
 
set -euo pipefail
 
APP_DIR="/var/www/example.com"
APP_NAME="myapp"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/deploy.log"
HEALTH_URL="http://localhost:3002"
MAX_RETRIES=10
RETRY_INTERVAL=3
 
log() {
    echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}
 
log "=== Deploy gestart ==="
 
cd "$APP_DIR"
 
# Laatste code ophalen
log "Laatste wijzigingen ophalen..."
git pull origin main 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
 
# Dependencies installeren
log "Dependencies installeren..."
npm install --legacy-peer-deps 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
 
# Bouwen
log "Applicatie bouwen..."
rm -rf .next
npm run build 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
 
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    log "FOUT: Build mislukt. Deploy afgebroken."
    exit 1
fi
 
# PM2 herladen (zero-downtime in cluster mode)
log "PM2 herladen..."
pm2 reload "$APP_NAME" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
pm2 save 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
 
# Health check met herpogingen
log "Health check uitvoeren..."
for i in $(seq 1 $MAX_RETRIES); do
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' "$HEALTH_URL" 2>/dev/null || echo "000")
    if [ "$HTTP_CODE" = "200" ]; then
        log "Health check geslaagd (HTTP $HTTP_CODE)"
        log "=== Deploy succesvol afgerond ==="
        exit 0
    fi
    log "Health check poging $i/$MAX_RETRIES (HTTP $HTTP_CODE). Opnieuw proberen over ${RETRY_INTERVAL}s..."
    sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
done
 
log "FOUT: Health check mislukt na $MAX_RETRIES pogingen"
log "Terugdraaien naar vorige PM2-status..."
pm2 restart "$APP_NAME" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
exit 1

De VPS-Setup Die Echt Werkt: Node.js, PM2, Nginx en Zero-Downtime Deploys

Begin Met Beveiliging, Niet Met Code

Maak Een Niet-Root-Gebruiker Aan

Stel SSH-Sleutelauthenticatie In

Firewall Met UFW

Fail2Ban

Onbeheerde Beveiligingsupdates

Node.js: Gebruik NVM, Niet apt

PM2: De Process Manager Die Zijn Geld Waard Is

Installeren en Instellen

De Ecosystem Config

Opstartscript

Logrotatie

Nginx: De Reverse Proxy Die Meer Doet Dan Je Denkt

Installeren

De Config

SSL in Vijf Minuten

Verifieer Auto-Verlenging

Het Deployscript

Als Dingen Kapotgaan om 2 Uur 's Nachts

"De site is down"

"Geheugen blijft groeien"

"SSL-certificaat verlopen"

"Schijfruimte is vol"

Het Commando Dat Ik Elke Ochtend Uitvoer

Wat De Meeste Gidsen Je Niet Vertellen

De Volledige Checklist

Is Dit "Enterprise-Grade"?

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